Subchondral bone cysts (SBCs) are a common condition seen in horses, particularly in sport and performance animals. These cysts can lead to pain and lameness, impacting a horse’s ability to work or compete. In this blog post, we will explore what subchondral bone cysts are, their causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options.

What Are Subchondral Bone Cysts?

Subchondral bone cysts are fluid-filled cavities that develop in the bone just beneath the cartilage surface of the joint. They are primarily commonly found in the hock, stifle, and shoulder joints of horses. These cysts can vary in size and may affect the horse's joint function.

Causes of Subchondral Bone Cysts

The exact cause of subchondral bone cysts is not fully understood, but several factors contribute to their development. Some potential causes include:

• Genetics: Certain breeds may be more predisposed to developing SBCs.
• Injury or Trauma: Previous injuries to the joint can increase the risk.
• Overuse: Intense training or repetitive stress on a joint may lead to the formation of cysts.
• Inflammation: Chronic joint inflammation can contribute to cyst formation.

Symptoms

Horses with subchondral bone cysts may exhibit a variety of symptoms, including:

• Lameness or limping
• Swelling around the affected joint
• Diminished range of motion
• Reluctance to bear weight on the affected limb
• Pain during joint flexion or exercise

Diagnosis

Diagnosing subchondral bone cysts typically involves several steps:

1. Clinical Examination: A veterinarian will perform a thorough physical examination to assess the horse's lameness and joint stability.
2. X-Rays: Radiographs are the most common method to visualize the cysts. This imaging will help confirm the presence and size of the cyst.
3. Ultrasound or MRI: In some cases, additional imaging techniques may be used to provide more detailed information about the joint and surrounding tissues.

Treatment Options

Treatment for subchondral bone cysts varies based on the size of the cyst and the severity of symptoms. Options may include:

• Rest and Rehabilitation: Resting the horse and implementing a structured rehabilitation program can help reduce pain and promote healing.
• Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove the cyst or clean the affected joint.
• Intra-Articular Injections: Injection of corticosteroids or joint lubricants can help relieve inflammation and improve joint function.

Conclusion

Subchondral bone cysts can be a significant issue for horses, particularly those involved in competitive fields. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are key to managing this condition and maintaining the horse's quality of life. If you suspect that your horse may have a subchondral bone cyst, it is essential to consult with a veterinarian for a thorough evaluation and tailored treatment plan.

For more information on horse health and wellness, check out our other posts.

URL: Subchondral Bone Cysts in Horses