Metabolic diseases in horses have become increasingly common, and one of the dietary components often discussed in this context is fructans. These sugars, found in many grasses and plants, can play a crucial role in the management of metabolic disorders in our equine friends. In this blog post, we will explore what metabolic diseases are, how fructans affect horses, and strategies for managing these conditions.

What are Metabolic Diseases in Horses?

Metabolic diseases in horses refer to a group of conditions that disrupt the normal biochemical processes within the body. The most common metabolic disorders include:

• Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS): This is characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, and an increased risk of laminitis.
• Cushing’s Disease (PPID): A hormonal disorder that typically affects older horses, leading to excessive production of cortisol.
• Insulin Dysregulation: This occurs when the horse’s body does not respond properly to insulin, affecting glucose metabolism.

The Role of Fructans in Horse Health

Fructans are non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) that are stored in the grass and plants as a source of energy. Horses naturally graze on grass, which often contains varying levels of fructans. However, excessive consumption can lead to issues, especially in horses with metabolic diseases.

Horses that suffer from EMS or insulin dysregulation may have difficulty managing high levels of fructans. When consumed in large quantities, fructans can lead to:

• Elevated Blood Sugar: This can exacerbate insulin resistance.
• Increased Risk of Laminitis: High fructan intake has been linked to laminitis flare-ups, a painful condition affecting the hooves.

Managing Fructans in Horses

To ensure the health and well-being of horses prone to metabolic diseases, it is essential to manage their intake of fructans. Here are some strategies:

• Monitor Grass Quality: Pay attention to the type of grass your horse is grazing on. Cool-season grasses like timothy and fescue tend to have higher fructan levels, especially during spring and fall.
• Limit Grazing Time: Restricting the amount of time a horse spends grazing can help reduce fructan intake. Consider using a grazing muzzle or turn out during lower fructan periods (like late afternoon).
• Provide Hay: Feeding hay that has been tested for fructan levels can be a beneficial alternative, especially if it contains lower levels compared to fresh grass.

Conclusion

Metabolic diseases in horses are serious and require careful attention to diet, particularly the management of fructan intake. By understanding the implications of fructans and implementing effective management strategies, horse owners can help maintain their equine companions' health and prevent the onset of debilitating conditions. Always consult with a veterinarian or an equine nutritionist when creating a feeding plan tailored to your horse's specific needs.