Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurological disease that affects horses, caused primarily by the parasite Sarcocystis neurona. Understanding this disease is essential for horse owners and enthusiasts, as early detection and treatment can make a significant difference in a horse's recovery and quality of life.

What is EPM?

EPM is a progressive disease that impacts the horse's central nervous system (CNS). The parasite enters the horse's body when it ingests contaminated feed or water, usually as a result of exposure to opossums, the parasite's primary host. Once ingested, the Sarcocystis neurona parasites travel to the brain and spinal cord, causing inflammation and damage to nerve tissues.

Symptoms of EPM

The symptoms of EPM can vary widely depending on the areas of the CNS that are affected. Common signs include:

• Muscle atrophy
• Imbalance or incoordination
• Weakness in the limbs
• Trouble swallowing or chewing
• Changes in behavior, such as depression or a lack of energy

Because these symptoms can mimic other conditions, proper veterinary diagnosis is crucial.

Diagnosis

Diagnosing EPM typically involves a combination of physical examinations, neurological assessments, and laboratory tests. Veterinarians may also use a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis to confirm the presence of the parasite. Early diagnosis is important as it allows for prompt intervention.

Treatment Options

Once diagnosed, EPM can be treated with various medications, including anti-protozoal drugs such as:

• Marquis (ponazuril)
• Navigator (nitazoxanide)
• ReBalance (a combination of drugs)

In addition to medical treatment, supportive care may also play a critical role in the recovery process. This includes proper nutrition, rehabilitation exercises, and minimizing stress during recovery.

Preventing EPM

Preventing EPM primarily revolves around reducing the risk of exposure to opossums and contaminated feed and water sources. Some effective preventative measures include:

• Keeping feed and water supplies covered
• Maintaining a clean feeding area
• Controlling opossum populations in the barn and surrounding areas

Conclusion

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis is a serious disease that can significantly impact a horse's health and performance. Understanding the signs, diagnosis, and treatment options available is crucial for any horse owner. By taking preventive measures, you can help keep your equine friends safe from this potentially debilitating condition.

For more information and resources on EPM, visit Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM).